Assessing and understanding Specific Learning Disorders
At See Hear Speak Psychology, we often meet families, parents, teachers, and individuals who are concerned about learning difficulties. Understanding learning challenges is the first step toward providing effective support. In this blog, we’ll explore what specific learning disorders are, how they can be assessed, and the process of diagnosis.
What are Specific Learning Disorders?
Specific learning disorders (SLDs) refer to a variety of conditions that affect the ability to acquire and use academic skills such as reading, writing, and mathematics. These difficulties are not indicative of a person's intelligence but rather differences in how their brain processes, remembers, understands, and expresses information. The 3 types of SLDs include:
SLD with Impairment in Reading (Dyslexia): Affects reading and related language-based processing skills.
SLD with Impairment in Written Expression (Dysgraphia): Impacts writing abilities, including handwriting, typing, and spelling.
SLD with Impairment in Mathematics (Dyscalculia): Affects math skills, including understanding numbers and mathematical concepts.
Prevalence in Australia
In Australia, specific learning disorders are quite common. Research indicates that approximately 10% of the Australian population is affected by an SLD with impairment in reading (dyslexia). These statistics highlight the importance of early identification and intervention to support those affected by SLDs.
Signs and Symptoms
Identifying specific learning disorders early can make a significant difference. Here are some signs to look out for:
Difficulty reading or writing
Problems with mathematics
Trouble following instructions
Inconsistent academic performance
School refusal
Behavioural problems
The Assessment Process
Assessment of specific learning disorders is a comprehensive process that involves several steps:
Initial Consultation: This involves a detailed discussion about the individual’s developmental history, academic performance, and any concerns raised by parents, teachers, or the individual themselves.
Screening Tools: Preliminary assessments or screenings can help identify areas of concern that warrant further evaluation.
Standardised Testing: These are formal assessments that compare an individual’s performance to that of their peers. Common tests include intelligence tests (like the WISC-V) and academic achievement tests (like the WIAT-III).
Observations: Direct observations in various settings, such as classrooms or at home, provide insight into how the individual functions in different environments.
Interviews: Interviews with parents, teachers, and the individual can provide additional context and information that standardised tests might not capture.
Review of Records: Academic records, medical history, and previous assessments are reviewed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the individual’s history and current functioning.
Pattern of Strengths and Weaknesses Analysis
A critical part of diagnosing specific learning disorders involves analysing the pattern of strengths and weaknesses. This statistical analysis helps to:
Identify specific areas where the individual excels, such as verbal comprehension or visual-spatial skills.
Pinpoint areas of difficulty that are significantly below what would be expected for the individual’s age and intellectual ability.
Provide a balanced view of the individual’s cognitive profile, which can inform tailored intervention strategies.
Comorbidities with ADHD
It is not uncommon for individuals with specific learning disorders to also have difficulties with attention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD). Though not an SLD per se, ADHD can further impact on learning ability due to increased difficulties with attention and executive functioning. ADHD can impact:
Attention: Difficulty staying focused, which can exacerbate learning challenges.
Executive Functioning: Problems with organization, time management, and planning.
Behaviour: Increased impulsivity and hyperactivity, which can interfere with learning environments.
When both and SLD and ADHD are present, a comprehensive intervention plan that addresses both sets of needs is essential.
Diagnosis and Next Steps
After the assessment, a detailed report is created, summarising the findings and providing a diagnosis if appropriate. The report will include:
Diagnosis: If a specific learning disorder is identified, it will be clearly stated and explained.
Strengths and Weaknesses: A detailed analysis of the individual’s strengths and areas of need.
Recommendations: Tailored strategies and interventions to support the individual’s learning and development. This might include specialised instruction, accommodations, and support services.
Importance of Early Intervention
Early identification and intervention are crucial in managing specific learning disorders. With the right support, children and teenagers with SLDs can better understand and manage difficulties in learning. At See Hear Speak, we are committed to providing thorough assessments and personalised recommendations to help children and teens thrive.
Understanding and addressing specific learning disorders is a journey that requires patience, support, and expertise. If you have concerns about your child’s learning or your own, don’t hesitate to reach out to us for a consultation. Together, we can make a positive difference.
For more information or to schedule an assessment, contact us at admin@seehearspeak.com.au or 49050236.